The History of Fire Service Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

The History of Fire Service - Essay Example These are for example electrical fires, ordinary combustible fires, flammable liquids and gases among others (Rhodes, 2006). This paper is a critical evaluation of the history of fire service primarily in the US. Fire fighting is an activity which is believed to have existed immediately after the invention of fire by the early man. However, it is in Egypt that first attempts to mechanize the process are noted, with Ctesibus developing a hand held pump capable of producing a jet of water which was directed at the source of fire in an attempt to extinguish it (Smith, 1994). During this period it is notable that there were no efficient mechanisms for fighting fire as most of the societies applied crude methods such as the use of buckets to throw water on fire, which produced little results as most of the efforts ended up salvaging none of the intended property. Apparently, the use of buckets involved people forming two parallel lines whereby one line was for passing buckets full of water from one person to the other up from the water source while the other involved the passing of the emptied buckets from one person to the other back to the water source (Jennes, 2010). As it may seem, this was a tedious affair which exposed the said people i.e. bucket brigades to fatigue thereby reducing their productivity. Each bucket had its owner’s name written on it and as a measure to ensure sufficiency different categories of people were required by the authorities to possess a certain number of buckets depending on the potential risk of fire outbreak. Bakers for example were required to have at least three buckets while brewers had to have at least six buckets, which is as at the late 1600s (Jennes, 2010). Most importantly, the people who worked as fire fighters, during this time, had no special skills acquired through training as most of them were volunteers from the society. The government, in this case US, had not instituted any systematic and

How do organizations communicate their core values (i.e., what they Assignment

How do organizations communicate their core values (i.e., what they stand for) to potential applicants - Qualitative data analysis - Assignment Example Numerous organizations decide to make their center qualities straightforward on the grounds that they perceive the imperativeness of core values (Whiteley and Whiteley, 2007). Core values are different for each organization, however, the purpose of core values are same regardless of the company and organization. Similarly the way through which a company or organization communicates their core values with their potential applicants is different from each other. The purpose of this study is to explore what are the different techniques through which different organizations are communicating their core values with potential applicants. Because these are the people who are building a complete infrastructure of an organization and it is important for them to have an understanding to the core values of that organization. The methodology that is used in this research paper is the secondary data collection that is derived from the brochures of different companies. Some brochures were acquired directly from the representatives of the company while others were accessed via Internet. For the interpretation of the data, we used data coding methodology. This is an approach in which researchers are assigning meaningful codes to different type of data to make it readable. A code in qualitative analysis is frequently a statement or short expression that typically allocates a summative, striking, readable, and/or reminiscent quality for data. For appropriate coding, proper assistance has been taken from books and journals. If an organization says that they are like career catalysts this means that they are offering certain values to their potential applicants to help them in building their career. For example, Accenture, a leading consulting, technology and outsourcing firm is communicating its core values to potential applicants by offering them a number of career developing elements such as collaboration and

Strategic Position of Baker Hughes Incorporated

Strategic Position of Baker Hughes Incorporated Baker Hughes is a combination of baker international cooperation and Hughes Tools Company in April 1987. A provider of formation evaluation , drilling, completion, production and reservoir consulting to the oil and gas industry with its operations into two Hemispheres, eastern with five regions (Asia pacific, Russia/Caspain, Middle East, Europe and Africa), western with four regions (US Golf, Latin America, US Land and Canada) with 35,000 employees in 90 countries. Setup The aim of this report is to critically evaluate the strategic position of Baker Hughes Incorporated and how its emerging technology in well completion may impact on the future position of the organisation. Background The company is very wide in oil and gas industry, provides reservoir consulting, formation evaluation, drilling, completion and production products and services to the worldwide oil and gas industry. The purpose of this course work is to explore the area of well completion products and services. Baker Oil Tools is a section of Baker Hughes in well completion products and services, its technologies, planning, and approach to avoid risk, reduces production, intervention cost, and extend the life of well. The scope and depth of reliable completion solutions allow you to create the ideal conduit from formation to surface, regardless of your well type or operating environment. This is the key to getting the most returns. For high-rate, big-bore completions to multizone, openhole horizontals in shale gas multilaterals, our completion systems are improving and minimizing life of well cost. The technology associated with this section of the oil and gas industry are artificial lift systems, permanent monitoring system, chemical injection system, integrated operation, wellbore construction and completion, specialty chemical and management. Baker Oil tool is responsible for the provision of equipment, services from its completion phase through the productive life of oil and gas wells. Wellbore intervention products and services are to produce the asset, deals with troubleshooting drilling problems, improve maintenance, and restore economical production. Technologically based tools used in wellbore intervention are tubing fishing system, casing exists, wellbore cleaning and temporary abandonment. (Baker Hughes 2010). 2.1 Profile Baker Hughes (Wikipedia 2010) provides reservoir consulting, formation evaluation, drilling, completion and production products and services to the worldwide oil and gas industry. It has made impact in the oil and gas industry in providing reliable, practical solutions when and where to its customers to reduce costs, risk and improving on its productivity. From reservoir to the refinery, they have created value with high-performance products and services to analyze, drill, evaluate, complete and produce oil and gas reserves and then transport and refine the hydrocarbons. Innovation has been part of Baker Hughes, through conceived ground breaking inventions that has revolutionized the oil and gas industry. They have advanced and searching for solutions to conquer the next frontier in areas such as: Differential performance, Regions and geomarkets, Technology, Technical expertise, Drilling and evaluation, Completions and production, Fluids and chemicals, Reservoir technology and consul ting services. It is a top-tier oilfield service company with a century-long track record which delivers solutions that help oil and gas operators make the most of their reservoirs that provides reliable, practical solutions when and where to their customers at lower costs, reduce risk and improve productivity and helps oil and gas producers by providing practical technology to find, develop, produce and manage petroleum reservoirs. (Wikipedia 2010) 2.2 Mission Strive to build an inclusive culture that values the diversity of our global workforce and sustains an environment in which employees can develop and reach their ultimate potential. 2.3 Vision Global team of diverse, talented, and results-driven people makes Baker Hughes the company of choice for our employees, customers, and communities. ENVIRONMENT The environment comprises of two segments namely the Internal and External Environment. Internal This part of the environment explores the organizations mission, vision, purpose and value, stakeholders and power, culture, organizational balance, process and competence, etc 3.1.1 Stakeholder Stakeholder can be a person, group, organization, or system who affects or can be affected by an organizations actions. According to the definition above, Baker Hughes stockholders comprises of the management, customers, suppliers, government agencies, staff, local community, shareholders, political parties, union, trade association, owners, financial community, activity group, customer association and group, media. Baker Hughes stockholder service is managed by Mellon Investor Services, a transfer agent and registrar who assist in managing the investment, keeps record of every outstanding stock certificate and the name of the person to whom it is registered. When stock changes hands, the agent transfers the ownership of the stock from the sellers name to the buyers name. At the end of each day, they reconcile all transfer records and makes sure that the number of shares debited is equal to the number of shares credited. It also uses the stockholder records to pay dividends and issue proxies. (Baker Hughes 2010) 3.1.2 Stakeholders map Low INTEREST High GROWTH Customers, Union, Media, Trade Union, media Staff, Top Management, Shareholders, Financial Community, Suppliers, Local Community, Customers Government, Shareholders, Management, Political Group, Financial Community Customers, Local Community, Media, 3.1.3 Culture Company culture is the unique qualities of the organisation. It determines how the workers act, energy contributed to overall teamwork, innovation, technology, customer service, productivity, problem solving and quality. Baker Hughes delivers performance at well site through application of technical knowledge, practical experience, and dedication to quality service. This company has built a very high performance culture, based on its Core Values of Teamwork, Integrity, Performance and Learning. Programs in baker Hughes are introduced to encourage, recognize and reward perfect execution at rig site. Baker Hughes field performance is supported with worldwide operations networking organized around specific product lines, to enable best in class planning, logistics, equipment repair and technical service. With the structure of Baker Hughes culture, shareholders can raise opinions and resolve it together, acting on new opportunities, move into new one and, creative in direction. (Baker Hughes 2010) 3.1.4 Balance of the Organization This segment describes the balance of the product and services of Baker Hughes as a company. High SHARE Low GROWTH High Revenue, High Market Share Low Revenue, High Market Share High Revenue, Low Market Share Low Revenue, Low Market Share The Market Growth versus Market Share interprets the organizational balance of Baker Hughes, its growth in product and services, and Market Value. Efficiency and Effectiveness increases their value. Baker Hughes is a supplier of wellbore-related products and services provide products and services for drilling, formation evaluation, completion and production, and reservoir technology and consulting to the worldwide oil and natural gas industry. Baker Hughes business is dependent on the capital of its customers, expenditures, dedication to field development and production, oil and natural gas exploration, customers expectations for future oil and gas prices, economic growth, hydrocarbon demand and current and future oil and natural gas production. The balance of the organisation and its operations is organised into a number of geomarket regions, which report to nine different region presidents, then report to two hemisphere presidents. Product-line marketing and technology report to the president of products and technology. The presidents of Western Hemisphere, Eastern Hemisphere, Products and Technology, Vice President of Supply Chain report to Chief Operating Officer of the comp any. This organizational structure is intended to strengthen client-focused operations by moving management into the countries where its businesses are conducted. The product-line is responsible for product development and manufacturing, technology, marketing and delivery of solutions for customers to advance reservoir performance. While the supply chain is responsible for development of cost-effective procurement and manufacturing of products and services. (Wikipedia 2010) According to Deaton C. C., (2010) Quarter three was a good quarter for Baker Hughes. Our Drilling and Evaluation segment reported record revenue, record operating profit and record operating profit margins with 44% year-over-year incremental operating profit margins. Accordingly, we will continue to invest in manufacturing capacity, make additions to our rental fleets, and hire and train field engineers to support our customers needs through the end of the decade. (Baker Hughes 2010) 3.1.5 Process / Value In Baker Hughes, integrity is the foundation of their individual and corporate actions in honesty, trustworthy, respect and ethical in our actions which drives an organization. The values of baker Hughes are the basis for maintaining a common culture. These cultures are: Integrity, Teamwork, Performance, and Learning. Teamwork enhances their individual abilities and strengths to achieve a common goal. Performance excellence, focusing on things that are important drives the results that differentiates baker Hughes from other competitors in the oil and gas industry. Learning in an environment where benchmarking and adopting best practices is the key to achieving the potentials of individual and the company. According to Bradfield, D. H., (2010) The Company specialises in the design and supply of process packages and completely integrated systems for oil/gas production, refinery waste water treatment, petrochemical and power generation markets. Baker Hughes business is basically in two segments namely drilling and evaluation, and completion and production. The drilling and production provides product and services used to drill and evaluate oil and gas wells, drilling and completion fluids, directional drilling services, measurement while drilling (MWD), logging while drilling (LWD). The completion and production segment provides product and services used in the completion and production phase of oil and gas wells. Its basically offers wellbore construction, casedhole completion, sand control and wellbore intervention solutions. (Baker Hughes 2010) EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT This section of the organisation is where either the structure, strategy is affected or both. 3.2.1 Five Forces Analysis Five forces analysis looks at five key areas namely the entry, power of buyers, power of suppliers, the substitutes, and competitive rivalry. New Entrants. There is a lot of oil and gas servicing companies all over the earth, barriers to entry into this industry are numerous to scare away the new companies. They vary depending on the area of product and service, market the company is situated. If we consider a company to supply pumping trucks needed at well sites which will very costly at a rate of one million pounds each. While other areas of the oil and gas business requires skilled manpower to handle this equipments. This category of company in the oil and gas sector such as these have higherÂÂ  barriers to entry thanÂÂ  those offering just drilling, support services or services. Sufficient cash is another big barrier to entry. New companies need to have sufficient money to displace the existing ones. These factors are also considered; The economical value, the high or low cost of entry, ease of access to distribution channels , cost advantages not related to the size of the, will competitors retaliate, government action, h ow important is differentiation. , very high if there are few but big players in the industry, the rate of cost reduction when switching customers is always low. Suppliers. ÂÂ   Baker Hughes is one of the leading oil and gas company in the world, much of this section of the business is dominated by powerful companies. Their large amounts of huge capital investment tend to weed out suppliers of rigs, refining pipeline. No much of competition, but have significant power over smaller drilling and support companies. Buyers. Power tends to go towards the buyer but almost all commodities there are no much difference, the buyer goes for where prices are low and a better contract term. Substitutes. ÂÂ   These are generally alternative to oil which includes solar power, wind power, gas, coal, biofuel, nuclear energy and hydroelectricity. Oil is not powering automobile, it is very useful in other materials like plastic. Baker Hughes can withstand the treat of substitute because of its specialty in areas directional drilling and seismic drilling. This company is critically analysed because of their product and services. Rivalry. ÂÂ   The slow rate at which these oil and gas companies grow is what is facing most of them. Almost every company in this industry can do one thing; there is a high exit barrier in the oil and gas companies. Aside of the companys scrap value of the equipment, if it not operating, then, it value-adding capability.ÂÂ  Baker Hughes major rivalry is Slumberger, Halliburton and Weatherford. This is most likely to be high where entry is likely; substitute products, suppliers and buyers intend to control the market. (Baker Hughes 2010) 3.2.2. PESTL NEW ENTRANTS DEEP WELL OIL GAS. INC. SUPPLIERS AMOS INTERNATIONAL TEK OCEAN VTT MARITIME BUYERS ATLAS COPS, NORTH AMERICA COMPETITORS HALLIBURTON WEATHERFORD SCHLUMBERGER SUBSTITUTE BIOFUEL 3.2.3 VALUE CHAIN DIAGRAM Support Activities of the company FIRM INFRASTRUCTURE: Administration, Legal, Financial Management, Accounting HUMAN RESOURCES: Training, Recruitment, Personnel, staff planning PRODUCT AND TECHNOLOGY: Production Engineering, Market Testing, RD, Product and Process Design, Drilling Engineering PROCUREMENT: Specification, Funding, Supplier Management, Subcontracting Inbound Logistics Operations Outbound Logistics Sales and Marketing Servicing Supply Schedules, Raw material, Controls, Receiving, Quality control, Equipments Production control, Manufacturing , Packaging, Quality control, Drilling, Well Completion Delivering, Invoicing, Order handling, Dispatch, Finishing goods Promotions, Market research, Sales analysis, Order taking, Customer Management Education and Training, Upgrades, Maintenance Primary Activities of the company. SWOT ANALYSIS Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. SWOT is the internal Strengths and Weaknesses of a firm and the environmental Opportunities and Threats facing a firm. SWOT analysis is a technique, which is widely used by managers to analyse a companys strategic situation. Baker Hughes effective strategy is derives from its internal resources (strengths and weaknesses) and its external situation (opportunities and threats). If accurately applied, baker Hughes has powerful implications for the design of a successful strategy. Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) FACTORS Internal Strengths Steady financial performance Strong RD capability Wide product portfolio Wide geographical presence Weaknesses Lack of scale Settlement with DOJ and SEC External Opportunities Growth in global oil and gas drilling Acquisitions of BJ Services Nova Technology Corporation Energy services in China Deepwater Technology Threats Intense competition Risks associated with conducting business outside the US Economic slowdown in the US Seasonal fluctuation Renewable energy Baker Hughes is focused on expanding in high growth regions like Russia, Middle East, capitalizing in high oil price, profitability in the Middle East is far guaranteed. Baker Hughes is learning to swim in deeper waters which is a new demand in oil and gas industry. In deepwater technology, drilling is expensive and oil is drilled thousands of feet below sea level. Seasonal fluctuation poses a threat to baker Hughes profits. Renewable energy also poses a threat to baker Hughes demands. (Datamonitor 2008) STRATEGIC POSITION OF BAKER HUGHES Baker Hughes has invested on people, infrastructure and technology. It served as the foundation for the next of strategy action designed to help increase market share and achieve a long-term profitable growth. Their strategic position is in three-phase Improve customers focus; by improving management diversity and quality, establish market segment to facilitate communication across the enterprise, reorganisation, customer segmentation and people strategy. Achieve operational effectiveness; hiring of the first chief information officer to lead enterprise wide information team, Outsourcing certain finance operations to reduce cost and improve efficiency, Hiring of vice president of supply chain to establish an enterprise approach to supply chain function, e.g. manufacturing, purchasing and logistics. Optimize product portfolio; Build out reservoir technology and consulting group. Targeted research, development and engineering spending in global network of technology on key projects, Establishing of three project centers, namely completion and production; fluid and chemicals; drilling and evaluation. Filling of significant gaps in product portfolio in areas like pressure pumping through the merger and acquisition of BJ Services and its product lines which are; INTEQ: provides drilling and formation evaluation. Baker Atlas: wireline logging services e.g. advanced formation evaluation, production and reservoir engineering, petrophysical and geophysical data acquisition. Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids: Fluid system and services e.g. optimise drilling and completion process, maximise hydrocarbon production and manage drilling waste. Hughes Christensen: provides Tricone TM and PDC drill bits, ream while drilling and casing drilling technology. Baker Oil Tools: completion, intelligent production and intervention solution to manage cost and reduce risk while maximising reservoir. Centrilift: artificial lift systems e.g. submerging pumps ESP, specific engineering, project management, well monitoring services. Baker petrolite: chemical technology solution for hydrocarbon production, transportation and processing, delivers pipeline integrity services. (Baker Hughes 2010) NEW TECHNOLOGIES IN WELL COMPLETION INTERVENTION Baker Oil Tools, world leader in well completion and intervention solutions. Division of Baker Hughes, which provides completion through Packers and Flow Control, Subsurface Safety Systems, Liner Systems and Wellbore Isolation, Sand Control Pumping, Tools, and Services, Tubing-Conveyed Perforating, Systems. This branch of baker Hughes is sealing and anchoring technologies, planning, risk avoidance, maximising production, reduce intervention cost, and extend the life of well. Baker Hughes has made impact in the oil and gas industry, from the reservoir to the refinery they have created value with high-performance in their products and services to analyze, drill, evaluate, complete and produce oil and gas reserves and then transport and refine these hydrocarbons. (Baker Hughes 2010) These are the emerging technologies in well completion and intervention Packers and flow controls: To increase profit by reducing risk and minimizing life of well cost. Subsurface safety system: reduce risk and increase profit using subsurface safety valves. Liner system and wellbore isolation: reduce risk and CAPLEX (Capital Expenses) Sand control pumping, tools, and services: ensures operational excellence in unconsolidated formation at less risk. Tubing conveyed perforation: achieve maximum production using efficient completion solution. Expandable solid tubular system: maximise hole size with significantly reduce non productive time (NPT). Fishing service: reduce the cost of wellbore problem. Casing exit: increase profit by accessing previously uneconomic reserves and bypassing trouble Remedial and stimulation: lower risk, boost effectiveness of remediation and stimulation operations. Baker Hughes has been know for success in technology innovation. Local teams are supported by global centers of excellence where scientists push the boundaries of value-adding technology to find solutions for progressively more complex technical challenges at dedicated innovation centers. (Baker Hughes 2010) IMPACT OF STRATEGIC POSITION The impact of strategy position has enhanced their productivity, efficiency and effectiveness in areas such as: Global Benefits Strategy, Labour and Management Relations, Employee Development, Recruiting and Retention, Global Workforce. Workforce_jobtype_region Workplace Diversity and Equal Opportunity Salary_ratio Turnover Employee_turnover Turnover_region_jobtype Baker Hughes strategic position will impact on a nations economy by implementing programs that provide sustainable benefits to the people and communities operation. Baker Hughes employment program is designed to promote diversity in workplace; varied experiences and skills are highly valued and applied toward common goals. These strategies are implemented through assurance of job opportunities for local citizens at every level of the organization. Also, training and development program to advance and succeed in their different careers. The governments, non-governmental organizations, academic institutions, customers, and employees are engaged to address the social needs of community stakeholders, education is placed as a priority in baker Hughes worldwide contributions. Employees are supported by a culture which values workplace diversity, team work, together across geographies and product-lines to deliver advanced technology solutions. The technology program in baker Hughes promotes professionalism, development of science, engineering and employees with technical abilities in their career advancement opportunities based on their performances and contributions to baker Hughes. Global Learning and Development Program provides non-technical training to professionals in corporate and support roles. (Baker Hughes 2010) Baker Hughes is committed to national content to add people and its economy. Expanding its investments in advanced technology, developing oil and gas markets, identifying national content development, as a measure to operational success. Committed to promoting three key areas:ÂÂ  global workforce, local suppliers and communities. With focus on these areas like :ÂÂ  global workforce, local suppliers and communities, the region and each geomarket management team implement specific plans in adapting with governments legislation, and develop businesses, communities and its local citizens. Engaging customers as partner requires an organisation with the training and experience to deliver effectively. With global workforce, local citizens are represented in managerial, operations and technical positions collectively delivering. There is impact through talent acquisition program; by building students. Baker Hughes is aiming to continue increasing the composition of workplace and career development. In community level, national content is encouraged through social contributions, which are majorly focused on education. In expanding national content plans, baker Hughes is looking for opportunities to build on the success of existingÂÂ  educational programs. (Baker Hughes 2010) CONCLUSION Baker Hughes has invested significantly in people, infrastructure and technology. These investments served as the foundation for the next set of strategic actions designed to help increase market share and achieve long-term profitable growth. Increasing market share and achieving long-term profitable growth requires Baker Hughes to pursue two related enterprise strategies: continue to build global capabilities to serve customers around the world, and deploy customized local solutions to meet customers needs in each geographic market. For these strategies to be achieved, first, improve customer focus, that is understand customers and proactively meet their needs. Second, achieve operational effectiveness and improve overall cost position. Third, optimize existing technology portfolio and fill strategic gaps, including reservoir engineering capabilities and pressure pumping services. To meet this target, baker Hughes needs to carry out a major reorganization and targets more mergers an d acquisitions. (Baker Hughes 2010)

Pierre Trudeau :: Biographies

Pierre Trudeau Pierre Trudeau, former Prime Minister of Canada, was once described as "A French Canadian proud of his identity and culture, yet a biting critic of French-Canadian society, determined to destroy its mythology and illusions". He has also been identified as "A staunch, upholder of provincial autonomy holding the justice portfolio in the federal government". Such cumulative appraisal and observation made by past fellow bureaucrat provides high testimonial for the ex-Democratic Socialist. This critique will establish and dispute the prime directives that Trudeau had advocated in his own book written during the years 1965 to 1967. The compilation of political essays featured in his book deal with the diverse complexities of social, cultural and economical issues that were predominant in Canadian politics during the mid 1960's. However, throughout my readings I was also able to discover the fundamental principles that Trudeau would advocate in order to establish a strong and productive influence in Canadian politics. Born in 1921, Trudeau entered the world in a bilingual/bicultural home located in the heart of Montreal, Quebec. His acceptance into the University of Montreal would mark the beginning of his adventures into the Canadian political spectrum. Early in his life, Trudeau had become somewhat anti-clerical and possessed communist ideologies which were considered radical at the time. Graduating from prestigious institutions such as Harvard and The School of Economics in England, Turdeau returned to Canada in 1949 and resumed his social science endeavors. At this time in Quebec, the province was experiencing tremendous cultural and political differences with the rest of the country. The Union Nationale had taken possession of political matters in Quebec and was steadily dismantling the socialist essence imposed on the province by the Federal government. The current Prime Minister, Maurice Duplessis, found himself battling a religious nationalist movement that corrupted the very fabric of political stability in Quebec. The Duplessis faction maintained their conservative approach towards political reform but failed to sway the majority of the population into alleviating with the demands of the Canadian government. The citizens of Quebec revered their clerical sector as holding 'utmost importance' towards preserving French cultural values and this did not correlate with the Federal government's policies and ideals. Francophones were under the impression that their own Federal government had set out to crush and assimilate what had remained of their illustrious heritage in order to accommodate economic and political tranquility. Trudeau himself had decided to join the nationalist uprising with his advocation of provincial autonomy. Ultimately, he and other skilled social scientists attempted to bring down the Duplessis party in 1949, but failed miserably in their efforts.

Nick in the opening chapter of “The Great Gatsby” Essay

Nick Carraway is the narrator of â€Å"The Great Gatsby†. He begins the novel by talking about himself: he says that he is very tolerant, and has a tendency to reserve judgment. The opening paragraphs teach us a lot about Nick and his attitude toward Gatsby and others. Nick introduces himself to us as a young man from the Midwest who has come East to learn. He tells us that he’s tolerant, inclined to reserve judgment about people, and a good listener. People tell him their secrets because they admire and trust him. If you read closely, you’ll see that Nick has an uncertain feeling toward Gatsby, almost as if he himself (who knows the story and its ending) doesnt know what to expect. From the novel’s opening paragraph onward, this will continue create tension in Nick’s narrative. He both loves Gatsby and is critical of him. He hates Gatsby’s crass and vulgar attitude, but he also admires the man for his aspirations. Specifically, Gatsbys â€Å"romantic readiness,† and his â€Å"extraordinary gift for hope.†The reader realises that Gatsby presented, and still presents, a challenge or opposition to the way in which Nick is accustomed to thinking about the world. It is clear from the story’s opening moments that Gatsby is not quite how he appears on the outside. Despite being vulgar, Nick describes Gatsby’s personality as â€Å"gorgeous.†The novel’s characters are obsessed by class and privilege. Its the high-class lives that intrigue the common man, an idea which continues today with the footballers wives culture. Our first view of Tom Buchanan shows a powerful man standing in riding clothes with his legs apart on his front porch. The riding clothes are a classic symbol or high-status. Tom exploits his status. He is horrible, completely lacking positive aspects. His wife describes him as a â€Å"big, hulking physical specimen,† and he seems to use his size to dominate others. The fact that Daisy chooses to comment on his size rather than personality insinuates that there is nothing good about his personality to comment on. We are ushered into the living room with its â€Å"frosted wedding cake† ceiling, its wine coloured rug, and its enormous sofa on which are seated two women in white. They are Jordan Baker and Tom’s wife, Daisy Buchanan. Fitzgerald controls the whole scene through his use of colours. White and gold suggest a combination of beauty, cleanliness, innocence and wealth. Underneath this picturesque surface there is something wrong. Jordan is bored and unamused.  She yawns a few times. There is something slightly unpleasant about the atmosphere. The telephone rings, and Tom is called from the room to answer it. When Daisy follows him out, Jordan Baker confides to Nick that the call is from Tom’s woman in New York. Daisy Buchanan stands in contrast to her husband. She is frail and shy, and actually doesnt seem completely shallow. She laughs at every opportunity. This makes me wonder if its an awkward laugh, perhaps she doesnt feel she belongs there? Though she remarks that everything is in decline, she does so only in order to seem to agree with her husband. The visual purity of Daisy and Jordan stands in contrast to their actual decadence and corruption. Nick arrives home, and gets his first glimpse of Gatsby. Gatsby is standing on the lawn, stretching out â€Å"his arms toward the dark water in a curious way.† Nick believes that he can see Gatsby trembling. As Nick looks out at the water, he can see â€Å"†¦nothing except a single green light, minute and far away, that might have been the end of a dock.† Bibliography -F Scott Fitzgerald, ‘The Great Gatsby’ Ch. 1

Homo sapiens’ Origin is Not Africa: Looking into Evidences of Man’s True Origin

There is a common notion that man’s birthplace is Africa. Dr. Chuchward, a known anthropologist, confirmed earlier findings of anthropologists (through examination of fossil remains) found out that the oldest ancestors of the human race originated in Africa. One of the anthropologists who ventured into Africa to study human fossil is Dr. Leakey (Origin of Man: Human Beginnings 1). In 1963, Leakey found human fossils dating back to 1. 2 million years ago in East Africa (Rift Valley Region), the oldest known fossils of hominids (Origin of Man: Human Beginnings 1).The theory was emphasized in many documentaries, usually sponsored by the National Geographic or the American Anthropological Society. Much of the content of these documentaries pointed man’s origin in the Rift Valley region in East Africa. On January 11, 1988, the Newsweek Magazine published an article entitled â€Å"The Search for Adam and Eve. † DNA tracing proved that the origin of man can be found to a single woman who lived in Sub-Saharan Africa between 80 000 and 200 000 years ago (Origin of Man: Human Beginnings 1).Her descendants migrated first to the Arabian Peninsula, then to India and Europe and to the rest of the world. This was confirmed by another scientist, Dr. Eric Higgs of Cambridge University. By studying the ancient migration of men, he theorized that the first man of Europe was from central and east Africa. It was about 200 00 years ago (prior to the Ice Age). Professor Chester Chard of the University of Wisconsin noted was able to prove that there existed in the remote past migration routes. Much of the routes’ origin is in Africa. Dr.Leakey once said that â€Å"it is inconceivable that man, the most curious and mobile of all animals, would not have come to America when the elephants, the tapirs and the deer came from Asia †¦ man spread out from Africa to Asia to Europe†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Origin of Man: Human Beginnings 1). This view of man’s ori gin had been confirmed and reconfirmed by the succeeding generation of anthropologists. For example, in 19888, Christopher Stringer and Peter Andrews pointed out that Homo sapiens had evolved from a Homo erectus group some 200 000 years ago (Bakalar1). This Homo erectus group later became extinct and replaced by their descendants, the Homo sapiens.Homo sapiens later migrated to Asia, Europe, and to the rest of the world. A known geologist, John Martyn was able to recover human fossils in the Great Rift Valley (in Kenya). Using a new method of dating fossils, he found out that the human skulls were 2. 4 million years old. Recently, some scientists are challenging the assumption that man’s origin is Africa. Professor Robin Dennell of the University of Sheffield in England and Wil Roebroeks of Leiden University in the Netherlands believed that early human fossils discovered over the past ten years indicate that humanlike or subhuman species had its origin in Asia (Bakalar 1).The y pointed to two significant finds of the century. A 1. 75 million year old small brained human fossils was found in Dmanisi, Georgia indicating that it was the descendant of Homo erectus living in the Asian continent in the past 2 million years. Another 18 000 year old hobbit fossils was found in the island of Flores in Indonesia (Bakalar 1). The two scientists theorized that because of the relatively small brains of the recent finds, large-scale migration is not possible. Professor Dennell said, â€Å"What seems reasonably clear now is that the earliest hominins in Asia did not need large brains or bodies† (prerequisite for migration).The two argued that there were no fossil or archeological proofs to support the claim that early humans moved from southern Africa to the Nile Valley in thee early Pleistocene period about 1. 8 million years ago to 11 500 years ago (Bakalar 1). They also argued that though the earliest evidence of a human ancestor in Asia appeared about 1. 8 m illion years ago (based from a human cranium found in Mojokerto, Indonesia), it cannot be said that no older specimens can be found in Asia.To support this claim, Stringer said â€Å"Evidence of humans in the Caucasus [region of Asia], China, and Java more than 1.6 million years ago implies either a very rapid spread from Africa after 1. 8 million years ago, or that such populations were established outside Africa earlier than present evidence suggests† (Bakalar 2). He added that rapid migration â€Å"out of Africa† was not possible owing to the fact that early climate prevented homo species from migrating out of Africa. The two said that most interpretations of early and recent findings pointed that the earliest â€Å"human† tools found in the Asian continent are usually attributed to Homo erectus (species usually thought of having its origin from Africa).H. ergaster is an African species assumed by many scientists as both the progenitor of Homo erectus and the only primate capable of migrating out of Africa (Bakalar 2). The body form of H. ergaster is the final proof that it is the remote ancestors of the Homo sapiens. Its body has humanlike proportions; its brain is capable of learning 9e. g. how to hunt game animals). There is though one flaw in this argument. Australopithecines (which is an older form of humanlike primates had virtually colonized the African region by 3. 5 million years ago.â€Å"Similar grasslands extended across Asia at the time, suggesting that Australopithecines could have survived quite well in the region,† the authors said. Added to that, fossil evidence for H. ergaster in the early Pleistocene period is generally unknown. This suggests that H. ergaster was not able to migrate â€Å"out of Africa† by the time Asia was teeming with early men (Bakalar 2). This interpretation was supported by the discovery of human fossils in Flores, Indonesia. The discovered fossils were named as H. floresiensis (Asi an origin). Two facts were really staggering for many scientists.The age of the fossils was relatively the same with that of the fossils found in Africa. And, H. floresiensis was capable of making primitive tools: tools which were used in hunting (Bakalar 2). The implication of the first fact is: distribution of early human populations across both the African and Asian continents was generally uniform (by 2. 6 million years ago). The two authors hypothesized that it is possible for either a multiple point origin (found in different parts of the world) or a single-point Asian origin of the human species.The two authors noted â€Å"The unresolved status of intriguing Flores finds attributed to H.floresiensis leaves open the possibility that this species is the end result and last survivor of an ancient migration of very primitive humans, or even prehumans that formerly existed more widely across Asia† (Bakalar 2). The implication of the second fact is: stone tools used by early men across Asia did not point to an African origin nor did represent an advanced state of development. Added to that, the two authors concluded that â€Å"the Dmanisi [Georgia] hominins are an extremely primitive version of H. erectus that is the ancestor of the H.erectus populations in both Java and those in East Asia† (Bakalar 2).Thus, there is a high probability that the origin of early men rests on the continent of Asia. The theory of Multiregional Evolution was examined in the article of Wolpoff and Caspari entitled â€Å"No, Homo Sapiens Did Not Originate in Africa† (in the book Taking Sides, World History, V. 1). The theory assumed that there are multiple points of man’s evolution in the remote past. Specifically, this theory adhered to the concept of polytypism. Polytypism is the existence of observable average differences between populations.Since different populations of early men differed significantly on certain measurements, multiregionalists argue d that patterns of migration varied across potential routes. Some populations would become isolated, and hence, might show significant differences over the course of time. Some populations might become almost identical in terms of physiological characteristics because of cultural or biological proximity. Thus, multiregionalists argued that the single-point origin of the human species cannot explain the differences found across early human populations.The two suggested that local evolutionary events took place across the world after the appearance of Homo sapiens. According to the two, populations of Homo evolved from a single species. Thus, the propensity of speciation between Pleistocene human populations was not possible (speciation is the splitting of one species into two) (Mitchell and Mitchell, 12-13). This hypothesis became a point of challenge to the prevailing Out of Africa Model which states that Homo sapiens evolved recently as a new species in Africa, and then dispersed t hroughout the world (by routes).The Out of Africa Model also claimed that Homo sapiens were responsible for replacing the existing human populations of those regions without biologically mixing with them. The two pointed out that evidences of an earlier revolution took place in a small group isolated from australopithecine species. Thus, Homo sapiens remained significantly different from australopithecines in both anatomy and physiology (Mitchell and Mitchell, 13-15).

History of the Theory of Demographic Transition

History of the Theory of Demographic Transition Introduction The theory of demographic transition was first realized in the ostensible developed nations in the early 1950s. During that period, the nations underwent a process in which the death rate was reduced, and birth rate regulated (Kirk, 1996, p.361). Before the demographic transition, the developed countries experienced high death rates and birth rates, which stabilized the size of population.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on History of the Theory of Demographic Transition specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, after an improvement in the living standards, there was a decrease in the death rate and a subsequent reduction in the birth rate. Demographic transition can be defined as the shift from a situation where nations experienced high levels of birth and death rates to a situation where the two (birth and death rates) are low so balancing out (Montgomery, 2010, p.1). The four phases of demographic trans ition Pre-transition phase This phase is characterized by cases of high birth and death rates. The birth and death rate during this stage is depicted to fluctuate with natural events such as floods, disease outbreaks, and droughts among others. In this stage, the size of the population is stagnant and not increasing at a fast rate. Early transition phase During this stage, the death rates are minimized, and as such, the population is noted to increase in size (Rueter, 2003, p.1). This is because of improved healthcare and food supply thus reducing mortality especially in childhood. Middle transition phase During this stage, the population size is driven towards a stable position. This is achieved by a reduction in the birth rate, which is due to several factors such as contraception, urbanization, and improving literacy and employment among the women. Late transition phase This stage is characterized by low birth and death rates, during which, the population is high but stable such that the population growth rate is almost zero (Rueter, 2003, p.1). Factors leading to a decline in the crude birth rate and crude death rate The values of crude birth rate and crude death rates are arrived at by taking the number of births and deaths respectively and dividing them by a thousand. The values are termed as crude because their computation does not take into account differences in ages or sex (Rosenberg, 2011, p.1).Advertising Looking for report on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Factors such as food insecurity, poor living conditions, poor medical services, and use of contraceptives could lead to a decline in the rate of crude birth of a country. On the other hand, improved medical services, food security, and improved living standards will lead to a decline in the crude death rate. Impacts in developed countries Phase four of demographic transition is characterized by a stable po pulation as evidenced in the developed nations. This is normally because of the improved living conditions experienced in those nations. An example is the quality healthcare services provided in the developed nations like the America, which is remarkably different to the kind of healthcare services provided in the developing nations. Secondly, the developed nations experience low cases of unemployment thus better living standards contrary to the developing nations where unemployment is widespread hence poor living conditions. The same case applies to food security whereby the developed nations use modern technology to ensure that they have high food security. On the other hand, the developing nations experience food insecurity, which causes an increase in mortality rates. Suggested programs or initiatives to assist in demographic transition phase four Some of the suggested programs include initiating campaigns on contraceptives and enhancing female literacy to regulate the birth rat e. The developing nations should also improve the quality of healthcare services provision to reduce the death rate. Conclusion From the above discussion, it is clear that demographic transition is of substantial importance to every nation. This is because it has a significant impact on the social and economic developments of the country. All nations, especially the developing ones should ensure that they have attained the fourth phase of demographic transition. Reference List Kirk, D. (1996). The Demographic Transition. Population Studies, 50 (3), 361–387. Montgomery, K. (2010). The Demographic Transition. Web.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on History of the Theory of Demographic Transition specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Rosenberg, M. (2011). Crude Birth Rate. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/crude-birth-rate-1435459 Rueter, J. (2003). Demographic Transition. Retrieved from http://web.pdx.edu/~ruet erj/courses/casestudies/demographic_transition/index.html

Guide to Writing Argumentative Essays in Health Care First Aid for Your Essay

Guide to Writing Argumentative Essays in Health Care First Aid for Your Essay What is an Argumentative Essay in Health Care Studies? To begin with, the notion of an argumentative essay refers to the type of written assignment, which implies the presentation of two different perspectives regarding a certain issue. In general, an argumentative essay should contain a few arguments and counterargument. In an attempt to prove the accuracy of the primary arguments, it is necessary to provide relevant evidence against an opposing argument. The opposing argument is considered to be one of the most important parts of an argumentative essay, which is regarded as a ‘rebuttal.’ Such type of written assignment has a common structure in various disciplines, including Health Care. Similar to other disciplines, an argumentative essay in Health Care should have an introduction, several body paragraphs, a conclusion, and a list of references. The only thing is that the topic of an argumentative essay should be related to the field of medicine. Common Topics for Argumentative Essays in Health Care Sometimes, college educators assign their students a task to write an argumentative essay on a specific medical issue. In turn, students are frequently given a chance to choose any interesting topic to create an effective academic paper. Choosing a topic for an argumentative essay is one of the key stages of writing an academic paper. Below you can find a list of effective research topics, which are dedicated to health care matters. Argumentative Essay on Abortion. At present, the issue of abortion is one of the most widely discussed medical issues since it raises numerous concerns in modern society. This particular topic involves a broad range of different aspects, such as religious perspective, ethics, and legality. The Link Between the Plastic Surgery and Emotional Well-Being of an Individual. Many researchers in the field of medicine claim that people’s increased interest in plastic surgery demonstrates a significant psychological crisis of modern society. In this case, it would be a great idea to write an argumentative essay and prove that individuals should see a psychologist before they think of getting plastic surgery. Autism Spectrum Disorder Cannot Be Regarded as a Learning Disability. Even though autism spectrum disorder is frequently associated with learning disabilities of children, this particular health disorder refers to a set of different psychological behaviors affecting their perception of information. The Availability of Birth Control for Women in The United States. This topic is also widely discussed by modern researchers, politicians, and medical scientists. Since the accessibility of birth control pills raises numerous concerns in modern American society, it would be a good option for writing an effective essay. Childhood Immunization should be Mandatory. The issue of childhood vaccination is also discussed by medical researchers because it is a great concern for modern parents. Even though the majority of scientists believe that childhood vaccines are safe for infants, many parents have certain fears about side effects of immunization. Acupuncture: Safety Effectiveness. The following interesting research paper topic is acupuncture, which is a common form of complementary medicine. Since this particular medicine technique is different from traditional methods of therapy, it can be a good option for writing an effective research paper. Meditation and Its Benefits for the Mental Health of an Individual. Finally, many people across the globe are interested in yoga and meditation; hence, you can select this topic and evaluate the effectiveness of this mindful practice. Pre-Writing Tips and Strategies Step 1. Selecting an effective research topic. The first step to writing a research paper is to get acquainted with the topic of a paper. If you are not required to write a research paper on a specific topic selected by a professor, you have an opportunity to choose the issue related to the field of medicine, which is interesting for you. In this case, try to choose the issue that is already known for you. If you have some background knowledge about the selected topic, you will have better chances to write an A+ research paper. Step 2. Choosing a position you would like to advocate. Since you are required to write a persuasive essay, you will certainly choose a controversial research topic, which is widely discussed among medical researchers, politicians, and average citizens. In this case, you have to choose a certain position regarding the selected social problem and convince readers to change their views. Step 3. Finding credible sources for a research paper. Since your argumentative essay is related to the field of health care, it is considerably important to provide credible and reliable sources supporting your arguments. These sources may include books, articles, medical reports, and scientific studies, which can be found in different medical libraries and websites. Among them, one can find The National Library of Medicine, Dana Medical Library, PubMed, MedlinePlus, and many others. Step 4. Creating an effective essay outline. First of all, an outline is a great tool that can help you organize all important ideas to be included in a persuasive essay. Hence, it should contain the following parts of an essay: an introduction, several body paragraphs, and a conclusion. Do not forget to include a thesis statement in the first part of your outline. Step 5. Creating a draft of an argumentative essay. While working on your research paper, try to organize all your ideas and write the first draft of an effective argumentative essay. In this case, you are recommended to use the completed outline. Outline of an Argumentative Essay In order to provide a good example of an essay outline, it is necessary to choose a specific topic. In this case, we will create an outline on the topic ‘Childhood immunization should be mandatory.’ I. Introduction a. Background information regarding the issue of childhood immunization. b. Thesis statement: ‘Childhood immunization should be mandatory since this particular medical procedure can help modern parents prevent their children from different viruses, infections, and other health-related issues.’ II. Main Body A. Main argument: ‘Many modern researchers are certain that childhood immunization is a considerably important for children’s health since these procedures enhance their immune systems, and as a result, prevent numerous illnesses.’ a. The list of illnesses that can be prevented by vaccination. b. The safety and effectiveness of childhood immunization. B. Counterargument: ‘Some parents believe that vaccinations are unsafe for their children, and hence, they refuse to vaccinate their kids.’ a. The potential side effects of childhood immunization. C. Rebuttal: ‘Even though some people do not agree to vaccinate their children because of their concerns regarding the safety of vaccines, modern scientists in the field of medicine have already proved the safety and effectiveness of this particular medical procedure.’ a. The recent statistical data on the safety of vaccination. III. Conclusion a. Thesis restatement. b. Summary of the main points of the paper. General Structure of an Argumentative Essay Introduction In the first section of an argumentative paper, the writer should provide the main idea of the entire paper. Since our topic is related to the importance of childhood immunization, it is important to provide some background information regarding this issue. Having provided the details of this issue, you should not forget to write an effective thesis statement at the end of the paragraph. Some examples of thesis statements, correct and incorrect ones, you can find below. Incorrect: ‘Childhood immunization should be mandatory because of its positive effects on children’s health.’ Correct: ‘Childhood immunization should be mandatory since this particular medical procedure can help modern parents prevent their children from different viruses, infections, and other health-related issues.’ The first example of a thesis statement is incorrect since this sentence is too general. Even though the writer mentioned the idea of the research paper, it is not clear how childhood vaccination influences children’s health. To make a thesis statement consistent, it was necessary to mention all the positive effects of childhood immunization. Main Body Since you are to write an argumentative essay, you should acquaint your readers with both sides of the selected issue. Hence, your paper should include the three main elements: argument, counterargument, and rebuttal. In the first part of the main body, you have to write some arguments, which support the idea of mandatory childhood immunization. For instance, you can provide a list of severe illnesses, which can be prevented using vaccination. To support your argument, you can refer to the article, which is published on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. In the following part of the main body, you have to present the opponents’ claim regarding the idea that childhood immunization should be mandatory. In this case, you can find some information about the different side effects of modern vaccines. Since you support the idea of mandatory childhood immunization, this particular counterargument should be refuted. In order to refute this claim, you can provide recent statistics ensuring that modern vaccines are not only safe but also effective for children. Conclusion A conclusion is the following important part of an argumentative essay. In this particular section, you have to provide a brief summary of the key arguments, which were introduced in a paper. Additionally, do not forget to restate your thesis statement using different words. Post-Writing Tips and Recommendations 1. Finish your argumentative essay and relax. Having finished an essay, you are recommended to put the paper aside for some time and relax. Indeed, it is important to get some distance from the completed paper since you will not be able to proofread it effectively. 2. Then, take some time to edit your argumentative essay; try to use the following tips: Check the content of your argumentative essay. Firstly, the content of your essay should meet all the requirements given by the professor. Ma e sure that your claims are accurate and consistent; the arguments should be clear and relevant. Finally, all the arguments presented in the paper should be supported by reliable evidence. Check the structure of your argumentative essay. Your argumentative essay should contain an appropriate introduction and an effective conclusion. The important thing is that these parts of an essay should contain less than 200 words. Check whether your paper has a strong thesis statement. Make sure that each body paragraph has a close relation to the thesis statement, which is an important part of the paper’s introduction. Eventually, check whether a conclusion restates a thesis statement in different words. Pay attention to the clarity and style of your argumentative essay. In this case, you have to check whether you have written an argumentative essay using a persuasive tone. Besides, since your paper is focused on a specific topic related to the field of health care, you should ensure that you have explained all the medical terms, which can be found in your argumentative essay. Check the accuracy of paper format. In general, modern researchers recommend students to write an argumentative essay in health care using APA style. However, sometimes, you can be asked to use other paper formats, such as MLA, Chicago, and Harvard. Hence, check whether your paper format meets the initial instructions. 3. Finally, you should proofread the completed argumentative essay. Try to detect grammar and spelling errors in your argumentative paper. In this case, you can use different grammar checkers, such as Grammarly, Grammarix, and Language Tool. However, you should not rely on these online applications since they tend to work with a limited number of grammar rules. That is why you are recommended to reread the completed paper and try to find some grammar errors. Check whether your paper has some punctuation mistakes. Even though punctuation errors seem to be inconsiderable, a few mistakes will affect your grade. Make sure that your argumentative essay is plagiarism-free. Plagiarism is a serious academic offense, which can cause numerous negative consequences, such as failing a course and expulsion. To check your paper for plagiarism, you can use a great number of applications, which are available online. Among them, you can find The Bibme Plus, Citations Machine Plus, PlagScan, and many others. â€Æ' References Argumentative Essay Patterns and Structure. Edusson, 2019, https://edusson.com/blog/argumentative-essay-patterns-and-structure. Accessed 5 June 2019. Editing and Proofreading. The Writing Center, 2019, https://writingcenter.unc.edu/tips-and-tools/editing-and-proofreading/. Accessed 5 June 2019. Kearney, Virginia. How to Write an Argumentative Essay Step by Step. Owlcation, 2019, https://owlcation.com/academia/How-to-Write-an-Argument-Essay. Accessed 5 June 2019. What Is an Argumentative Essay?. Purdue Online Writing Lab, https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/academic_writing/essay_writing/argumentative_essays.html. Accessed 5 June 2019. Why Are Childhood Vaccines So Important?. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2018, https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vac-gen/howvpd.htm. Accessed 5 June 2019.

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#1 - Essay Example As such, the seven sins as provided by Brown are applicable in describing the nature of man and the character that may dwell in him if controlled by them. Besides, Brown names seven virtues which are cardinals to human living. These, he relates to faith, hope charity, prudence, justice, fortitude and temperance. The temperance of a person determines the ability to take charge and respond to a situation properly and whether hot or cold, it must be controlled. By virtue, man lives by faith and hope, it is what keeps him going and living. In the event of acquiring more wealth, it is good to be helpful and have mercy to others. This is a true virtue of charity (Olsson, pg.80). The traits provided are guidelines to what human character should be based on. Like Mahatma Gandhi wrote, knowledge without character and science without humanity could be among the blunders that cause violence. It is also true to note that a society lacking the necessary virtues and possesses by the described sins may be a plagued

Reflection Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Reflection - Dissertation Example The organization has grown over the years and is currently celebrating 75 years of its existence (Plan -1, 2013). It needs to be mentioned that as of the modern times, it is a global charity for children and is presently working with kids of the 50 poorest countries of the world with the aim of providing them with a better future. The non profit organization has a very clear and distinct long as well as short term plan in the form of vision and mission. Discussing about the vision of PLAN, it can be stated that the focus on building a world, where every child can realise their highest and maximum potential in a society that respects individual rights and dignity. The mission objectives of the PLAN are to achieve high quality improvements in the quality of life for the deprived children in the developing countries all over the world (Plan -2, 2013). While talking about PLAN in an elaborate manner, it can be stated that the activity portfolio of the global non profit organization compr ises of focus on arenas like education, health, water and sanitation, protection, economic security, emergencies, child participation and even sexual health including HIV. The working of the organization includes two vital functions, campaigning and advocacy. The advocacy function of PLAN aims at sharing the facts about the lives of the children belonging to more than 66000 communities of the developing nations and the success of the programs which aims at recognizing their rights. The organization is committed to ensure that the girls, boys and the adults who are the part of the communities within which PLAN team works should have their opinions in the decision making process of their nation. They are also dedicated towards raising alertness about growth issues among the common public and motivate them to take steps for claiming their rights. The main objectives of the advocacy function are as follows: Put effort towards identifying the right of the girls in the developing nations, mainly the right to education. Enhancing awareness about the effect of disasters on kids, specifically girls. Making sure that decision makers and governments sustain the rights of the girls and the boys, as laid down in the rule for child rights. The campaign function of PLAN focuses on conducting various awareness campaigns all around the world. In this assignment, the focus is on the ‘Because I am a Girl’ campaign of PLAN. Campaign: Because I am a girl The campaign: Because I am a girl has been designed to tackle and address the multiple challenges that are faced by the girls of young age in various geographies around the world. The challenges of the girls in various regions around the world comprises of some very serious issues like poverty, violence as well as discrimination. Because of a direct impact of these factors, the young girls in various countries and locations around the world are taken out of school, and are often married off at a very young age. This d enial of education to these young females all over the world is resulting in restricting them from the opportunity to develop the very power of human minds which has the

Economic Geography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Economic Geography - Essay Example There are various reasons that may trigger voluntary migration. These factors include a high cost of living in an individual’s motherland, harsh and unproductive climatic and environmental conditions, as well as purely for adventure and exploration. Discussion Migration patterns in Blue Earth County (Mankato) in 2010 The most interesting aspect of migration in the Blue Earth County is that; the counties that send immigrants into this county are relatively equal to those that receive the immigrants from the county (Forbes, n.p.). The uniqueness in the migration patterns in Blue Earth County is that all those counties sending more immigrants into Blue Earth County than they receive from the county, are situated within the Minnesota State (Forbes, n.p.). Additionally, all the states outside Minnesota where Blue Earth County’s population migrate are found to take more of its migrants, than they send to this county. Another observable pattern regarding the migration in Blue Earth County is that its population tends to migrate to the States that are close to Minnesota, while avoiding those far away. Therefore, it is evident that most of the population within in Blue Earth County finds it easier to seek for a better life outside Minnesota State, compared to those who move from other States to seek for a better life in the county. The inbound income per capita for this county in 2010 was relatively lower than the outbound income per capita, a clear explanation why many people are migrating to other counties, compared to those coming into the Blue Earth County (Forbes, n.p.). Another possible explanation for this migration pattern is that; the standards of living could be better, while the costs of living could be lower in other states, compared to Minnesota, prompting more people to move to other states, than people from other states comes into the county. Migration patterns in Olmstead County (Rochester) in 2010 The migration patterns in Olmstead County indicate that there is a higher percentage of the counties that receives immigrants from this county, compared to those that Olmstead County receives (Forbes, n.p.). The other notable observation regarding the migration patterns in this county is that; it has the tendencies of sending its population to the States that are further away from Minnesota State. Additionally, a unique migration patter observable in Olmstead County is that it only receives more of immigrants from the counties and states that are nearby, than it sends. The inbound income per capita for this county in 2010 was relatively lower than the outbound income per capita, which serves to explain why many people are moving out of the county to other counties, compared to the ones the county is receiving (Forbes, n.p.). All indications point to the fact that the economic situation of many counties outside Minnesota State is better compared to that of Olmstead County, thus motivating many people to migrate from this cou nty to other counties and states, further away. The most plausible explanation for the migration pattern in the Olmstead County is that; the cost of living in this county is much higher than that of other counties outside

Crisis Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Crisis Management - Essay Example Reputation has now become a ticket to success because it is what earns revenue. A good reputation is built when the company conducts itself in a way it is expected to. Reputation is build and maintained through communication (Coombs, 1995). The accounting theory creates assumptions, methodologies and frameworks that businesses should use when applying the financial principles (Benoit, 2000). This aids in providing information that is objective, reliable, timely, clear, consistent and comparable. It is necessary to provide this information so that the stake holders, namely trade creditors, financial creditors, employees, shareholders, trade unions, the present and the current investors, can make decisions based on that information. The information released is not only used for outsiders, but it may also be used internally in order to correct the things and decisions that are wrong. In this sense, this accounting theory informs the discussion of this paper by emphasising on the importa nce of information and communication in decision making. A crisis is that unfortunate situation that has created a threat to an organisation and its clients, and the organisations' management has to respond to the ongoing threat (Hooghiemstra, 2000). Action has to be taken otherwise the problem was not a threat to be categorised as a crisis. The structural functional systems theory provides some insight into crisis management. It emphasises information flow in an organisation through patterns called networks. It implies that companies with rich communication channels that are clear are able to handle crises better than those who do not. The diffusion innovation theory informs the theoretical framework of this study by providing and describing that innovation is disseminated and communicated only through certain channels over a period of time making consistency of essence (Benoit, 1995). The Case Context This study will examine a case where there was a crisis and how well, or otherwi se, was it handled. The case chosen is that of Toyota crisis of 2010 involving faulty accelerators and braking systems. On 29th August 2009, a police patrol officer Mark Saylor was cruising down the highway at well over 100 kph when he realised that the breaks were not working and that the accelerator was stuck in. It finally ended up crashing on another car killing four people. This was the onset of this crisis as several other accidents followed in that month up to the end of the year before the Toyota Company decided to recall all the Toyota models that had been affected by that defect (McDonald, 2010). Data It is only after a hyped media reporting that Toyota came out publicly to admit that there was a problem. This was in January 2010, and 34 drivers had already lost their lives. It was clear that Toyota was in a crisis, and it owed it to its customers and the society at large to take action. It therefore, took the high road action of recalling more than 16 million vehicles wor ldwide with 10 million of those being in the US (Bensinger, 2010). At this time, the crisis was already at an advanced stage but Toyota being a market leader in Automobile manufacturers had its image, identity and reputation at stake. The only available measure was to hold a press release in which they were to admit that there were vehicles that were manufactured at a certain period of time and had unintended accelerators and faulty breaking system (McDonald, 2010). On February 1 2010, Jim Lentz, Toyota’s CEO in America held a press release meeting on behalf of Toyota’

Finance in the Hospitality Industry Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Finance in the Hospitality Industry - Assignment Example Owner’s capital, however, is in most cases limited since the sole trader may not have adequate savings to finance capital expenditure. Ploughing back profits involves re-investing the income from the business. Profits for reinvestment are readily available in the business provided the business earns profits. The opportunity cost of reinvesting capital is lower compared to other sources of capital (Fields, 2011). Ploughing back profits will help the sole trader avoid the huge costs of interest paid on bank loans and leasing of the required machinery. The only disadvantage of this source of capital is that it is not always available, especially during periods when the business is not making the profit. Banks provide short-term, medium-term and long-term finances to the businesses. Banks will finance all asset needs of the trader including working capital, equipment and machinery. Bank loans are usually readily available sources of capital expenditure (Fields, 2011). This is because banks are always ready to invest in businesses in terms of providing the loan to earn interest. Another advantage of banks is that they offer some degree of flexibility such that the borrower can pay off the loan early and terminate the contract to avoid accumulation of interest (Drury, 2003). Banks, however, require huge interest rates and collateral, which limits the accessibility of these finances. This implies that the sole trader will need to work hard in order to generate enough cash flow to cover the interest payments and return the principal. Additionally, banks will require assurance of payment by requiring personal guarantees and secured interest on personal assets. Friends and relatives can support sole traders when establishing business enterprises. They can provide finances for buying capital goods. As a sole trader, I can either receive the full some for buying the required machinery or contribute a proportion of the  £50,000.  Ã‚  

Leisure tourism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Leisure tourism - Essay Example e use of a Geo-demographic Information System (GIS) showed that most of the population living in Deptford is young falling in the under 35 age bracket though exceptions are present. (Burns, 2007, p. 21). Since the target market consists of youth and teenagers, the marketing and promotional strategies should be adequate for them. They are all more concerned about their health and the emotional benefits derived from exercise. Simultaneously the young market is also concerned about their looks and appearance and how it can be improved by exercise. The main research design for the problem is exploratory research. it will be used because of its high flexibility and the fact that impractical solutions are removed from the and practical solutions are generated after analyzing the gathered data. (Marketing research). Secondary research will have the advantages of being cost effective and cheap. Data will be gathered from surveys and other researches which have already been conducted and their conclusions and findings will be used to generate a set of solutions. Primary data will be more expensive and time consuming to collect and will mostly take the form of surveys and interviews. The Wavelength gym management will conduct both online and general surveys to find out more about the nature of the gyms customers. Online surveys can be deployed to survey sites which can effectively target the required audience. Whereas other surveys can be conducted at grocery stores, parks, libraries and banks in Deptford. The next step towards conducting more primary research is conducting a focus group interview. A focus group which will be a group of a few people say 10, will be gathered from Deptford and requested for a paid interview. This will be a longer interview which will be in depth and will generate more information about the target audience. The interviewees will also fall in the same age bracket as the targeted potential customers so that the needs and the promotional

EQ Industrial Services (EQIS) Plant Explosion Research Paper

EQ Industrial Services (EQIS) Plant Explosion - Research Paper Example This threatened the lives of people residing near the plant, with evacuation of about 17,000 residents. After the accident, a majority of them had to seek medical attention as a result of the contamination. The plant is a handler of a variety of industrial waste, ranging from household chemicals like sulfur, fertilizer, pesticides and chlorine to paints and solvents. EQ Industrial Services, Inc. is an environmental service company founded in 1997, and is located in Ypsilanti, Michigan. It provides transportation, remediation, industrial cleaning including hazardous waste disposal and recycling, waste handling services including treatment and storage, and emergency services to its municipal and industrial clients. The explosion caused the evacuation of residents; and two weeks later, a chemical reaction exploded forcing emergency crews to evacuate businesses that were located near the plant. The reaction drum contained a solution of sodium metal that ignites on exposure to air or water. Reports claimed that the fumes from the reaction caused burning eyes, was because of chlorine exposure. Ironically, the State Department of Environment and Natural Resources had approved the company’s cleanup plan a day before. Following the accident, EQ Industrial was pinned down and asked to provide a written report on the cause of the explosion and the precautionary measures it had issued to the public. The Environmental Quality Company, which houses highly toxic chemicals, was also at the fire site. The presence of dangerous chemicals rendered fire fighters helpless, and they were forced to watch the flames die out on their own. The fire saw 18 people hospitalized, including nine residents who complained of respiratory distress and one fire fighter who experienced nausea and respiratory problems, and another eight law enforcement officers. This report will recount on the causes, effects and the recommendations associated with this kind of explosion, which was primarily believed to result from chlorine exposure. Symptoms of the victims of the accident as a result of chemical exposure Pulmonary edema and respiratory distresses are among the effects of inhaling high concentrations of chlorine in such an accident. Patients who are exposed to chlorine are prone to immediate onset of rapid breathing, rales, hemoptysis, wheezing or blue discoloration of the skin. Some patients may experience prolonged pulmonary injury resulting in collapse of the lungs and possible death. The lowest lethal concentration exposure is 430 ppm in 30 minutes duration. Reactive airways dysfunction syndrome (RADS) is a chemical irritant asthma that may results due to exposure to chlorine. The smaller diameter of children’s airways makes them more vulnerable to corrosive agents than adults - they are also vulnerable to gas due to their increased minute ventilation per kilogram and failure of evacuating exposed areas. Long-term exposure to chlorine can lead to cancer, teeth corrosion, flulike symptoms and a possibility of acquiring RADS. Pathophysiology of chlorine, which was e xposed in this accident Chlorine is a noncombustible gas at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, with a characteristic greenish-yellow color. The effects of the upper and lower respiratory tract are as a result of chlorine’s solubility to water - this is what caused respiratory complains by some victims. This solubility characteristic cause prolonged exposure as it delays the onset of upper airways symptoms for a number of minutes. Moreover, chlorine is denser than air; therefore, it is near ground level, which increases

Leisure tourism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Leisure tourism - Essay Example e use of a Geo-demographic Information System (GIS) showed that most of the population living in Deptford is young falling in the under 35 age bracket though exceptions are present. (Burns, 2007, p. 21). Since the target market consists of youth and teenagers, the marketing and promotional strategies should be adequate for them. They are all more concerned about their health and the emotional benefits derived from exercise. Simultaneously the young market is also concerned about their looks and appearance and how it can be improved by exercise. The main research design for the problem is exploratory research. it will be used because of its high flexibility and the fact that impractical solutions are removed from the and practical solutions are generated after analyzing the gathered data. (Marketing research). Secondary research will have the advantages of being cost effective and cheap. Data will be gathered from surveys and other researches which have already been conducted and their conclusions and findings will be used to generate a set of solutions. Primary data will be more expensive and time consuming to collect and will mostly take the form of surveys and interviews. The Wavelength gym management will conduct both online and general surveys to find out more about the nature of the gyms customers. Online surveys can be deployed to survey sites which can effectively target the required audience. Whereas other surveys can be conducted at grocery stores, parks, libraries and banks in Deptford. The next step towards conducting more primary research is conducting a focus group interview. A focus group which will be a group of a few people say 10, will be gathered from Deptford and requested for a paid interview. This will be a longer interview which will be in depth and will generate more information about the target audience. The interviewees will also fall in the same age bracket as the targeted potential customers so that the needs and the promotional

Government Intervention in the Workplace and Economic Development Essay Example for Free

Government Intervention in the Workplace and Economic Development Essay In a free economic system, the decisions made by the buyers and decisions made by the suppliers, determine equilibrium prices and levels of output, in a free market. Scarce resources are thus allocated according to the competing pressures of demand and supply. An increase in demand of a product, signals the producers to increase the supply of the commodity, as potential profit levels increase so as to meet the increased demand. The working of a free market mechanism is a strong tool which has been used in determining allocation of resources among competing ends (Riley, 2006). There exists an increased claim that when issues, and policies are left on their own economic devices rather than instigating a state control on them, it would result to a more harmonious and equal society with increase in economic development. This concept is based on the liberal theory of economics which was first believed to be formulated by Adam Smith. It proposes a society where there is minimal government intervention in the economy. When government intervenes in workplaces, does it result to economic development? This is an issue of contention between various economists, and we shall look at both the advantages and the disadvantages of government intervention in working places and the effect on economic development (Mishra, Navin Geeta, 2006). The government has various goals and it may intervene in the price mechanism, in order to change resource allocation, with a view to attain a specific social or economic welfare. The government intervenes in the free market system so as to influence allocation of resources in ways that will be favorable in meeting their goals. These goals might include correcting a market failure, achieving a more equitable wealth distribution in the economy, or general improvement in the performance of the economy. These interventions however come with a certain cost on the working of economic systems (Mishra, Navin Geeta, 2006). Government has continually set rules and regulations that govern conditions and operations in work places. These rules and regulations, may affect supply or output of a certain commodity. We shall examine different areas that the government has intervened in work places and its consequent effect on the economy. It is in order for government to intervene as it has multiple macro-economic goals of achievement of economic development, full employment, and price stability, among others. These goals sometimes are contradictory as the achievement of one goal affects the attainment of the other (Brux, 2008). Price controls In various work places the government can impose price controls. There are two forms of price controls which can be imposed by the government. The government can impose high prices for certain goods which are referred to as floor prices. This is a price that is set in which a commodity cannot be sold below this price. Consumers are thus required to pay high prices for these commodities regardless whether the demand is low or otherwise. It ensures that the income by the producers of these commodities is higher than they could have otherwise obtained in a deregulated market (Petkantchin, 2006). The other type of price control is what is referred as price ceiling. It is a price that is set by the government, whereby suppliers are not allowed to exceed this price. It is an incentive to ensure that needy buyers or consumers can obtain this commodity at a lower price. This control is mostly found in the main utilities such as telecommunications, water, gas and others. Free market economists argue that this control increases the burden of costs to businesses which damage their competitiveness as a result of huge amount of red tape (Riley, 2006). When prices are freely set by the market, they easily regulate the economy. Producers are able to determine which products are highly valued and preferred by the consumers, they help them ascertain the management methods and technologies which will produce the greatest economic well being. Firms therefore attain incentives in order to innovate, integrate desired management skills in order to produce the desired commodities. Prices are also good indicators of the availability of resources. If the price of a commodity increases as a result of shortage, it signals the producer that, the there is a need to cut back on wastage of that resource, and efficient use of it. In general terms, prices enable economic players to enhance the most efficient use of scarce economic resources. When the government controls prices, whether in form of a price floor or a price ceiling, then it becomes a disadvantage to the economy (Petkantchin, 2006). The government requires that in order for a certain business to be conducted, a license is necessary. This is a form of government intervention in work places, since it creates barriers to entry for potential competition. According to Brux (2008), licenses are issued to ensure that customers are protected from inferior quality goods and services. Licenses however, are harmful to these consumers when they are a requirement of the law. This is because they reduce the availability of a certain commodity or service in a particular area, more so when there is a quota on the number of licenses to be issued. It is also detrimental to the well being of the consumers when the license fees are so high that smaller competitors cannot afford. This limits entry to a certain market which can be a way of creating monopoly. Prices charged on the commodity are higher than when there is a more liberal market. This affects the economic well being of a nation. The government also intervenes in work places by the use of fiscal policies. It alters the level and the pattern of demand for a particular commodity in the market which has its consequences in economic development. One such policy is the use of indirect taxes on demerit goods. This includes goods such as alcohol, tobacco consumption among others. Their consumption comes with a certain cost on the health or the general welfare of the consumer. The government induces such taxes, in order to increase the price and thereby increase the opportunity cost of consumption. Consumer demand towards such commodities decreases. This intervention means that these industries would not perform at their optimal point. They reduce their production so as to cater for the reduced demand of their commodities. It is a compromise on full employment that macro economic policies try to achieve, and as a result lower the level of economic development (Brux, 2008). Employment laws that govern businesses have been put in place by the government. They are a form of government interventions that also affect economic development. In the employment law, the government offers some legal protection for workers by setting the maximum working hours or setting the minimum wages to be paid to workers. Organizations are thus controlled in form of wages paid to workers, which should have otherwise been left to be determined by the competitive laws of labor demand and supply. The effect of this intervention is an increase in the amount that an organization spends on wages. There is also a limitation that is placed by the government in form of working hours. This acts to curtail production levels which have a negative effect on the GDP. The profitability of the firm is also affected by increasing its operation costs. This reduces organizational profits that would have been used to increase the level of organizational investments (Riley, 2006). When the government pays subsidies, it intervenes in the work places as it will obtain the money from businesses and public borrowing. This is an increase in public expenditure which means that the government has to increase the interest rates in order to attract funds from investors. Increase in interest rates has negative effect on businesses. This is because the cost of borrowing finances for investments increases which reduces the overall profitable ventures that are available for the business. The overall activity of business is thus curtailed or in more general terms the level of investment in the economy decreases. A decrease in the level of investment reduces the aggregate demand which inhibits economic development (FunQA. com, 2009). Government intervention is sometimes in form of tariffs. The government intervenes in imported products by imposing high taxes on them. They do this in order for the government to earn income and protect the local industries. When a consumer consumes these goods, he/she pays high prices for them which make the consumer worse off. The consumer is thus forced to consume less of other products and services. In the macro economy, the effect is to reduce demand of other goods and services which will make the economy to be worse off. This government intervention has a negative impact on economic development (Pearson Education Inc. , 2010). It is very common for both the small and big businesses to call in the government so as to protect them. Small businesses requests the government to offer them less regulation while increase the same on the big businesses. They also ask for fair pricing laws which act to hurt the consumers. Pricing laws keep prices for commodities high, since they come in form of price floors and hurt efficient competitors. This is because efficient competitors are capable of offering the same commodity in form of quality and quantity at a lower price but the law by the government prohibits such. Competition is thus hindered to a greater extent as prices are maintained at a high level. If the commodity in question is an essential commodity, it would results to inflation which has adverse effects on economic development (Brux, 2008). Market Liberalization The government sometimes uses its power in order to introduce fresh competition into a certain market. This will happen in the case where the government breaks the monopoly power of a certain firm. It ensures that competitors can penetrate the market which enhances the quality of products and services which are offered to the consumers. It introduces a more liberal economy, where the market is not controlled by one player who dictates on the prices and the level of output. These are the laws of competition policy, which act against price fixation by companies and other forms of anti-competitive behavior (Riley, 2006). Other benefits that arise from government intervention include correction of externalities. Externalities can be defined as the spill over costs or in some cases benefits. Externalities make the market to operate in a level that the amount of output and the level of production are not at a socially optimal level. When there is a lot of corn being produced, the law of demand and supply will mean that price has to decrease as supply exceeds demand. When the government allows the price of corn to decrease beyond a certain level, the producers of corn will be at a loss which will de motivate further production of corn. In such circumstances, the government intervenes by the use of price floor where price would not go below that limit. Leaving the market forces to adjust the price and output will socially affect some sectors of the economy and as such lead to the welfare of citizens being worse off (Pearson Education Inc. , 2010). Another reason as to why the government intervenes in the economy is to correct market failures. Consumers sometimes lack adequate information as to the benefits and costs which come from the consumption of a certain product. Government thus imposes laws that will ensure that the consumers have adequate information about the products so as to improve the perceived costs and benefits of a product. Compulsory labeling that is done on cigarette packages is one of those legal concerns that give adequate health warnings to cigarette smokers. It is a way in which the government protects its citizens from exploitation and harmful habits that would affect them in the long run. This might have a short term effect in form of decreased profits on Tobacco manufacturers, but long term effects on improved health of consumers and a saving on future medical expenses (Riley, 2006). According to Riley (2006), it will be known that government intervention does not always result into the plans and strategies set or prediction by economic theory. It is rare for consumers and businesses to behave the way the government exactly wanted them to behave. This in economics has been referred to as law of unintended consequences which can come into play in any government intervention. This would have negative consequences on the economic level since inappropriate policies would mean negative effects and influence. The market is able to maintain itself in equilibrium through price mechanisms and other economic factors. When the government intervenes, it affects this smooth operation of the market and this may lead to either shortages or surpluses. The effect becomes worse when the government relies on poor information in making these interventions in workplaces. The effects might be expensive to the administration of businesses, and the interventions might also be disruptive to the operations of the business if these interventions are major and frequent. It might also remove some liberties (Pearson Education Inc. , 2010). Government interventions in workplaces should not be aimed to create great changes in the market. The conditions prevailing in the economy should be well reviewed and analyzed. This will ensure that threats that can damage the economy have been identified and measures against such taken. It would be of great advantage if government interventions are designed to facilitate the smooth working of the economy rather than implementing a new and a direct control over the market. They should be assessed on whether they lead to a better use of scarce resources, whether fairness is being upheld in the intervention and whether the policy enhances or reduces the capacity of future generations in improving economic activity (Riley, 2006). Conclusion Some economists believe that with perfect competition, there will be no need for any government intervention. Is it therefore wise to leave the economy to the doctrine of laissez-fare where there is no control or intervention by the government? As much as there exists some negative effects on economic development due to government control, the benefits which accrue as a result of controlled government intervention would be under no circumstances be compared with the risks that would accrue when the government adopts the liberal economic structure. References Brux, J. (2008). Economics Issues and Policy. 4th ed. Ohio: Cengage Learning FunQA. com, (2009). Economics: Advantages and Disadvantages of Government Intervention? Retrieved 21 May 2010, from http://www. funqa. com/economics/92-Economics-2. html Mishra, R. Navin, B. Geeta P. eds. (2006). Economic liberalization and public enterprises. ISBN 8180692574 Pearson Education, Inc. (2010). Reasons for government intervention in the market. Retrieved 21 May 2010, from http://wps. pearsoned. co. uk/ema_uk_he_sloman_econbus_3/18/4748/1215583. cw/index. html Petkantchin, V. (2006). The Pernicious Effects of Price Controls. Retrieved 21 May 2010, from http://docs. google. com/viewer? a=vq=cache:mYXWxJC6EpMJ:www. iedm. org/uploaded/pdf/avr06_en. pdf+Price+controls+and+their+effectshl=engl=kepid=blsrcid=ADGEEShvcqptHKj3Y_Mrxy5hhG7resIp_Y7FVbxWwhBqmLTBqzdSn3hvuXLutFYW9m1uRWom_D5InOy5G5Jp5AMTuCoFxKA-Rj-1tbrOA0PrnDz5VOBbruMR2HYdYcYm-SLf5Oq_aZBmsig=AHIEtbTFfKO-NWp1d5bX2HTlouAB_gP1fQ Riley, G. (2006). Government Intervention in the Market. Retrieved 21 May 2010, from http://tutor2u. net/economics/revision-notes/as-marketfailure-government-intervention-2. html